пятница, 4 мая 2012 г.
среда, 2 мая 2012 г.
MERIWETHER LEWIS (1774-1809) WILLIAM CLARK (1770-1838)
Lewis and Clark led one of the most famous exploring expeditions ever. In the early 1800s, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson wanted to learn more about the land west of the Mississippi River. The United States had just purchased a huge area of land from the French. This land became known as the Louisiana Purchase, and the land stretched from the Mississippi River all the way to the Pacific Ocean. No Americans had explored that area yet. Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis (top picture) to lead the expedition.
Lewis was born on August 18, 1774. He served in the army and was neighbors with Thomas Jefferson. He also served President Jefferson as his personal secretary. William Clark (bottom picture) was picked to assist Lewis as his partner. He had military experience and was known as a good leader. He also had taken part in some explorations.
On May 14, 1804 the famous expedition to the west began. They took canoes and a group of about 30 volunteers along the Missouri River to the west. Along the trip they met an Indian named Sacagawea, who served as an interpreter for Lewis and Clark. During their expedition they met many Indian tribes and greeted them with peace by giving gifts.
Since there were no telephones or telegraphs, Lewis and Clark had to write a description of what they saw and then send messengers back to Jefferson. The descriptions had to be kept from getting damaged because if the writings got wet the ink would blur. To keep them safe they put the descriptions in bottles.
One famous part of the expedition was at the Three Forks. Clark took one part of the expedition down the one fork and Lewis the other. In autumn of 1805 the expedition arrived at the west coast and Lewis and Clark were the first Americans to see the Pacific Ocean. The expedition returned to St. Louis on September 20, 1806.
They were away for over two years and traveled thousands of miles through very dangerous and difficult conditions, but only one of the expedition members died. The trip was considered a great success because of all the knowledge about the West that Lewis and Clark brought back with them. It was the beginning of the American westward movement. Pioneers began to settle the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific coast. Lewis and Clark became national heroes.
Unfortunately, the stress and strain of the journey was hard for Lewis to handle. He never wrote the formal report of his experiences that he had promised President Jefferson, and he died three years later in 1809. Clark held up better and lived a productive life until his death in 1838.
Lewis was born on August 18, 1774. He served in the army and was neighbors with Thomas Jefferson. He also served President Jefferson as his personal secretary. William Clark (bottom picture) was picked to assist Lewis as his partner. He had military experience and was known as a good leader. He also had taken part in some explorations.
On May 14, 1804 the famous expedition to the west began. They took canoes and a group of about 30 volunteers along the Missouri River to the west. Along the trip they met an Indian named Sacagawea, who served as an interpreter for Lewis and Clark. During their expedition they met many Indian tribes and greeted them with peace by giving gifts.
Since there were no telephones or telegraphs, Lewis and Clark had to write a description of what they saw and then send messengers back to Jefferson. The descriptions had to be kept from getting damaged because if the writings got wet the ink would blur. To keep them safe they put the descriptions in bottles.
One famous part of the expedition was at the Three Forks. Clark took one part of the expedition down the one fork and Lewis the other. In autumn of 1805 the expedition arrived at the west coast and Lewis and Clark were the first Americans to see the Pacific Ocean. The expedition returned to St. Louis on September 20, 1806.
They were away for over two years and traveled thousands of miles through very dangerous and difficult conditions, but only one of the expedition members died. The trip was considered a great success because of all the knowledge about the West that Lewis and Clark brought back with them. It was the beginning of the American westward movement. Pioneers began to settle the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific coast. Lewis and Clark became national heroes.
Unfortunately, the stress and strain of the journey was hard for Lewis to handle. He never wrote the formal report of his experiences that he had promised President Jefferson, and he died three years later in 1809. Clark held up better and lived a productive life until his death in 1838.
http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/hall_of_fame.html
Marco Polo (1254-1324)
Marco Polo is famous for his travels through Asia. He was one of the first Europeans to travel into Mongolia and China. He became famous for his book that told the story of his travels along the Silk Road to China.
Marco Polo was born in Venice, Italy around 1254. In 1271, when he was 17 years old, he traveled to Asia with his father and uncle. On this journey, he became a favorite of Kublai Khan, the Mongol Emperor. He roamed through Mongolia and China for 17 years. He traveled farther into China than any European had gone before. Finally, he took a ride to Persia and then back home. In all, he was gone for 24 years!
When he returned to Venice in 1295, he became a popular storyteller. People gathered at his home to hear his stories of his travels in the Far East.
In 1298, there was a conflict between Venice and Genoa. Polo was captured by the Genoese and imprisoned by them. While in jail, Marco dictated the story of his travels to a writer who published the book, The Travels of Marco Polo. The book helped to make Europeans very interested in trading with China and the Far East, and that led to the explorations of Columbus and many others who were searching for a quicker way to sail to China and India.
Marco Polo died in 1324.
Marco Polo was born in Venice, Italy around 1254. In 1271, when he was 17 years old, he traveled to Asia with his father and uncle. On this journey, he became a favorite of Kublai Khan, the Mongol Emperor. He roamed through Mongolia and China for 17 years. He traveled farther into China than any European had gone before. Finally, he took a ride to Persia and then back home. In all, he was gone for 24 years!
When he returned to Venice in 1295, he became a popular storyteller. People gathered at his home to hear his stories of his travels in the Far East.
In 1298, there was a conflict between Venice and Genoa. Polo was captured by the Genoese and imprisoned by them. While in jail, Marco dictated the story of his travels to a writer who published the book, The Travels of Marco Polo. The book helped to make Europeans very interested in trading with China and the Far East, and that led to the explorations of Columbus and many others who were searching for a quicker way to sail to China and India.
Marco Polo died in 1324.
http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/hall_of_fame.html
DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873)
David Livingstone was born on March 13, 1813 in Blantyre, Scotland, near Glasgow. He became a doctor and a missionary, and devoted much of his life to exploring Africa. He helped Europeans learn a lot about the continent of Africa.
Livingstone was one of the first Europeans to explore the central and southern parts of Africa. He first went to Africa as a Christian missionary in 1841, when he was 27 years old. He decided that the best way to teach Africans about Christ was to move about and see as many people as he could. That is how he became an African explorer.
He married Mary Moffat in 1845 and she (and later their children) came along with Livingstone on his early explorations. In 1849, he led a group of Europeans across the Kalahari Desert and discovered Lake Ngami. Two years later, he again travelled through the Kalahari with his family.
He continued crossing the continent of Africa during three different time periods: 1852-56, 1858-64, and 1866-73. In 1856, he travelled on the Zambezi River, and became the first European to see the spectacular Victoria Falls. He also became the first European to cross the entire width of southern Africa.
These accomplishments made him very famous in England. He wrote a book about his experiences in Africa and traveled around England giving speeches in 1856 and 1857. Livingstone went back to Africa in 1858 and is credited with the discovery of Lake Nyasa in 1858, the Chilwa River in 1859, and more of the Nile River.
In 1866 David Livingstone went on an expedition to discover more of the Nile River. While on this expedition he was lost and no one heard from him. In 1871, a New York reporter, Henry Morton Stanley, led an expedition to find him. When they found him, Stanley said those famous words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume."
In May, 1873 after Stanley left Livingstone to learn the customs of an Indian tribe, Livingstone was found on his knees, dead in prayer. His body, along with his personal items and papers, were sent back to England. This journey took almost a full year. He was buried in Westminster Abbey in London in April, 1874.
As part of his travels, David Livingstone learned more about African customs, geography, and the slave trade than any other European. David Livingstone's expeditions helped the world learn about the continent of Africa.
Livingstone was one of the first Europeans to explore the central and southern parts of Africa. He first went to Africa as a Christian missionary in 1841, when he was 27 years old. He decided that the best way to teach Africans about Christ was to move about and see as many people as he could. That is how he became an African explorer.
He married Mary Moffat in 1845 and she (and later their children) came along with Livingstone on his early explorations. In 1849, he led a group of Europeans across the Kalahari Desert and discovered Lake Ngami. Two years later, he again travelled through the Kalahari with his family.
He continued crossing the continent of Africa during three different time periods: 1852-56, 1858-64, and 1866-73. In 1856, he travelled on the Zambezi River, and became the first European to see the spectacular Victoria Falls. He also became the first European to cross the entire width of southern Africa.
These accomplishments made him very famous in England. He wrote a book about his experiences in Africa and traveled around England giving speeches in 1856 and 1857. Livingstone went back to Africa in 1858 and is credited with the discovery of Lake Nyasa in 1858, the Chilwa River in 1859, and more of the Nile River.
In 1866 David Livingstone went on an expedition to discover more of the Nile River. While on this expedition he was lost and no one heard from him. In 1871, a New York reporter, Henry Morton Stanley, led an expedition to find him. When they found him, Stanley said those famous words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume."
In May, 1873 after Stanley left Livingstone to learn the customs of an Indian tribe, Livingstone was found on his knees, dead in prayer. His body, along with his personal items and papers, were sent back to England. This journey took almost a full year. He was buried in Westminster Abbey in London in April, 1874.
As part of his travels, David Livingstone learned more about African customs, geography, and the slave trade than any other European. David Livingstone's expeditions helped the world learn about the continent of Africa.
http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/hall_of_fame.html
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